Cybersecurity evolution: insights from NSA chief Nakasone

Gen. Paul Nakasone, the chief of the National Security Agency (NSA) and U.S. Cyber Command since 2018, recently provided a cybersecurity retrospective at the Billington Cybersecurity Summit. As he prepares to hand over his position to his successor, Nakasone emphasized the changing security environment and evolving threats faced by his organizations. While the priorities in 2018 revolved around election security and intellectual property theft, the landscape has now shifted towards addressing the challenges posed by China and Russia. However, Nakasone expressed confidence in countering these threats effectively.

Shifts in Strategies and Structures

Nakasone highlighted significant advancements in policies and structures aimed at addressing cyberthreats. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency has assumed a more substantial role in federal cybersecurity efforts, while the Cyberspace Solarium Commission's recommendations have led to the establishment of critical entities like the Office of the National Cyber Director and CISA's Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative. Additionally, the NSA and Cyber Command continue to collect electronic communications and conduct cyberspace operations, but their methodologies have dramatically evolved. Cyber Command's operations have expanded internationally, and the creation of NSA's Cybersecurity Collaboration Center has enhanced collaboration efforts.

Cybersecurity as National Security

Nakasone emphasized the growing realization that cybersecurity is a crucial aspect of national security, which has become more evident due to the rise in ransomware, supply-chain threats, and other cyber dangers. He stressed that cybersecurity and intelligence challenges posed by China will remain a constant concern for the United States for generations to come. In this context, Nakasone urged Congress to reauthorize surveillance authorities that are vital for intelligence collection, especially in the realm of cybersecurity.

The Future of Cybersecurity

Looking ahead, Nakasone acknowledged the ongoing challenges faced by the NSA and Cyber Command, including cyber workforce shortages. He emphasized the need for a revised approach in recruiting, training, and retaining personnel. Additionally, the debate over artificial intelligence has also impacted the cybersecurity landscape. While Nakasone's agencies have been leveraging AI for a long time, recent studies have been carried out to explore future AI applications. These include using AI for signals intelligence and potential use in business processes. As Nakasone prepares to pass the baton to Lt. Gen. Timothy Haugh, he expressed optimism about the future of the agencies and their continued success in maintaining national cybersecurity.