The security framework for satellite systems

Satellite systems play a crucial role in supporting communications, weather monitoring, navigation, Internet access and more. However, these systems face numerous threats that compromise security and integrity. To address these challenges, a robust cyber security framework must be implemented to protect satellite operations.

Cyber threats to satellites

The threats that satellite systems face are diverse, ranging from denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and malware infiltration to unauthorized access and damage caused by other objects in their orbit interfering with digital communications .

An analysis of satellite cyber security vulnerabilities

Many of the 45,000 satellites in orbit have been operating for many years and have few, if any, built-in cyber security protections. Consider Vanguard 1 (1958 Beta 2), a small solar-powered satellite orbiting the Earth. It was launched by the United States on March 17, 1958 and is the oldest satellite still in orbit. What would an analysis of that satellite's cyber security vulnerabilities reveal today? What would happen if hackers exploited those vulnerabilities? It is possible that this has already happened. Could they obtain sensitive data? Change satellite software code? Change the controls? It is likely that the newer satellites have distracted hackers' attention from Vanguard 1. However, successful attacks that have not been reported to the public may already have been carried out.

A cyber security framework for satellite security

There are five key steps within the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) necessary to mitigate common risks, including those associated with satellite systems: identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover. A comprehensive cybersecurity framework is needed to mitigate these threats. Technology universities and industry organizations must partner with government agencies and other entities that design and build satellites to create and implement a comprehensive cybersecurity, privacy and resiliency framework to regulate the use of spacecraft.